From October 25 to November 8, 2024, a delegation from the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG) participated in an intensive diplomatic training program in Yerevan, Armenia. Organized by the Diplomatic School of Armenia in collaboration with the KRG’s Department of Foreign Relations, the program underscored the growing political and strategic relationship between the two regions. Focused on the political history, security challenges, and geopolitical intricacies of the South Caucasus, the training provided a platform for advancing the KRG’s diplomatic engagement in a region defined by its historical volatility and strategic importance.
The program aimed to refine the KRG delegation’s diplomatic expertise by examining Armenia’s geopolitical approach, its foreign policy priorities, and the enduring influence of historical events, such as the Armenian Genocide, on its modern international relations. Sessions explored Armenia’s delicate balancing act in managing relations with neighboring Turkiye and Azerbaijan, and its strategic partnerships with Russia, Iran, and other international actors. Through this lens, the KRG delegation gained a deeper understanding of how a small nation, constrained by geography and regional hostilities, leverages diplomacy to safeguard its sovereignty and assert its influence.
History, politics, and diplomacy
At its core, the training emphasized diplomacy as both an art and a strategic necessity in regions with complex power dynamics. The curriculum delved into Armenia’s multilateral strategies for addressing territorial disputes, managing regional security threats, and navigating international forums. By studying Armenia’s approach to the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict and its broader geopolitical struggles, the KRG delegation drew parallels to its own challenges in advancing Kurdish interests within Iraq and the wider Middle East.
The program also underscored the critical intersection of history and politics in shaping diplomatic strategies. Armenia’s ability to transform the memory of historical trauma into a unifying narrative for its foreign policy resonated deeply with the KRG delegation, whose own history of struggle for autonomy informs its regional and international engagements. The discussions provided valuable insights into the use of historical legacy as a tool for political legitimacy and as a means of building alliances rooted in shared experiences.
From a diplomatic perspective, the program highlighted the importance of resilience and adaptability in navigating a rapidly shifting global order. Armenia’s strategic foresight in managing external pressures while maintaining internal stability served as a case study in effective diplomacy under challenging circumstances. This balancing act – between securing national interests and engaging in regional collaboration – offered key lessons for the KRG delegation in advancing its own diplomatic objectives.
The insights gained from the training will notably enhance the KRG’s ability to engage in complex negotiations, build strategic alliances, and contribute to regional stability. This program marked a significant step in strengthening the KRG-Armenia partnership, further demonstrating the role of diplomacy as a bridge between shared histories and future aspirations. By cultivating mutual understanding and synergy, Armenia and the KRG reaffirm their commitment to navigating the complexities of international politics with strategic vision and a shared purpose.
The relationship between KRG and Armenia is grounded in shared experiences of struggle for self-determination. Both regions have faced displacement, oppression, and the ongoing pursuit of recognition. For Armenia, the history of the Armenian Genocide deeply influences its foreign policy and relations, particularly with Turkiye. Similarly, the KRG’s fight for autonomy within Iraq resonates with Armenia’s struggle, creating a natural solidarity between the two peoples. This shared history has fostered a strong diplomatic bond, built on empathy for each other’s challenges and aspirations.
The Diplomatic School of Armenia: A bridge for engagement
The Diplomatic School of Armenia, formally known as the Diplomatic School of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Armenia, was established in September 2009 by a decree of the government of Armenia. Located in Yerevan, it serves as a hub for fostering expertise in diplomacy, international relations, and global engagement.
The school has three primary objectives:
The Diplomatic School is central to the growing partnership between the KRG and Armenia. By organizing tailored training programs and workshops, the school equips diplomats from both regions with the skills necessary to address shared challenges in security, economic development, and international diplomacy.
In addition to training, the school facilitates high-level political consultations, business forums, and dialogue on critical regional priorities such as sustainable economic growth, energy collaboration, and democratic governance. These initiatives foster alignment with shared goals, enabling the KRG and Armenia to collaborate effectively on areas of mutual interest.
Through its efforts, the Diplomatic School has become a cornerstone of the KRG-Armenia partnership, promoting not only diplomatic expertise but also mutual understanding and collaboration. By bridging cultures and perspectives, it ensures that both regions are well-prepared to engage in a rapidly evolving global landscape.
High-level diplomatic engagements and strategic alliances
High-level diplomatic engagements between KRG and the government of Armenia have shaped the strategic direction of their relationship. These discussions have covered political, economic, and security matters, resulting in formal agreements that address both regions’ shared challenges and promote greater regional peace and stability.
Several strategic areas of partnership underpin the KRG-Armenia alliance, ensuring mutual prosperity and long-term stability.
Economic diplomacy and investment
Economic collaboration stands as a cornerstone of the relationship between the KRG and Armenia. Both parties share a commitment to diversifying their economies by prioritizing strategic sectors such as energy, agriculture, technology, and infrastructure.
The Diplomatic School serves as a key facilitator in advancing this vision by organizing trade delegations and business forums that connect Armenian and Kurdish enterprises. These initiatives foster mutual investment opportunities, stimulate economic growth, and promote long-term sustainability in both regions.
Cultural diplomacy and people-to-people relations
Cultural diplomacy is a cornerstone of the KRG-Armenia relationship. Both regions celebrate their rich cultural heritage, and through academic exchanges, art exhibitions, and cultural performances, promote mutual understanding and strengthen social ties. These cultural exchanges play a significant role in building trust and solidarity, which are essential for long-term diplomatic success.
Security collaboration
Armenia and the KRG also face common security challenges, including terrorism, political instability, and external interference. Security engagement, therefore, remains a critical component of their partnership. The Diplomatic School facilitates cooperation on counterterrorism, intelligence sharing, and border security, ensuring regional stability and addressing shared vulnerabilities.
Diplomatic milestone: The opening of Armenia’s consulate in Erbil
A key diplomatic milestone in the KRG-Armenia relationship was the opening of Armenia’s consulate in Erbil on February 25, 2021. This event marked Armenia’s clear commitment to deepening its ties with the KRG. The consulate serves as an operational hub for continued collaboration in political, economic, and security matters, reinforcing Armenia’s long-term strategic interest in the Kurdistan Region and its position as an active player in Middle Eastern geopolitics.
Looking ahead: A future of partnership and growth
As KRG and Armenia continue to strengthen their diplomatic and strategic ties, the future looks promising. Opportunities for collaboration are expanding in areas such as infrastructure, trade, and diplomacy. The Diplomatic School of Armenia will continue to play a central role in nurturing this relationship, ensuring that both regions are equipped with the diplomatic tools necessary to address emerging challenges.
With growing collaboration, Armenia and the KRG are not only enhancing their own prosperity and security, but are also contributing to the broader stability of the Middle East. The partnership between Armenia and the KRG is a testament to the power of shared history, mutual respect, and strategic diplomacy.
Conclusion: A powerful example of regional engagement
The partnership between Armenia and the KRG stands as a significant example of regional engagement, grounded in shared history and mutual aspirations. Both regions, shaped by their struggles for autonomy and recognition, are collaborating to strengthen their economic, cultural, and security ties. The Diplomatic School of Armenia plays a crucial role in facilitating this evolving relationship, equipping both regions with the tools necessary to navigate global challenges and ensure long-term stability.
Together, the KRG and Armenia are forging a future defined by peace, mutual respect, and regional harmony. Their strengthening partnership serves as a model of constructive engagement among nations united by shared values and aspirations. With a collective vision, they are committed to fostering a more prosperous and secure Middle East.
Sliva Hassan is Head of Scandinavian Division, Directorate of European affairs at the Department of Foreign Relations, Kurdistan Regional Government.
