Cities serve as vital mirrors reflecting the identities of their societies. Each urban area is defined by a network of open and closed structures – essentially, spaces that shape our experiences. The Turkish term mekan, from the Arabic root, encapsulates notions of space, locality, and the environment we inhabit. The English term “space” intriguingly encompasses both dimensions of time and place, highlighting its multifaceted significance in our understanding of the universe. Throughout history, humanity’s fascination with spaces has been profound; they have consistently occupied a central role in the human experience.
Across cultures, space is also imbued with sacred significance, enveloping both individuals and communities into its spiritual dimensions. While beliefs, customs, and geographical contexts influence how spaces are designed and perceived from one society to another, the fundamental importance of spatial concepts remains constant. The interplay between an individual and their environment unfolds on a nuanced level, intricately tied to the geography that defines their existence. This relationship not only shapes personal identity, but also influences collective societal narratives.
While spaces are integral to human existence, they can also serve as canvases for our aspirations and dominion. Humans possess a consciousness that enables them to perceive their surroundings, define their position within these environments, and navigate through them. The essence of cultural spaces – how they come into being and evolve – reflects their identities. Furthermore, the transformations observed in these spaces often mirror broader social changes, illustrating how our physical environments are intertwined with cultural dynamics.
Preserving oral folk heritage
Fredric Jameson astutely observed that “our daily life, our psychic experience, our cultural languages, are today dominated by categories of space rather than by categories of time.” This profound insight underscores the vital role that the concept of space plays not only in human existence, but also in storytelling. It is both natural and essential for artists to incorporate space into their works. While characters and events form the backbone of fictional narratives, it is space that organizes, shapes, and enriches these elements, creating a cohesive tapestry of interactions and associations.
In 2007, the House of the Dengbej (Dengbejler Evi) opened its doors in a stunning 18th- and 19th-century bay-windowed townhouse, a testament to traditional architecture located in the historical old town of Diyarbakir. Established as part of an EU-funded initiative by the Diyarbakir Metropolitan Municipality and leased from the city’s Chamber of Architects, this cultural center aims to preserve the dengbej tradition – a vital aspect of Kurdish musical heritage that represents a living oral folk culture. The term dengbej is a Kurdish term composed of the words deng (voice) and bej (present tense of gotin, to tell). According to Yasar Kemal, the dengbej is a person who recites epics in a professional way.The institution seeks to keep this rich tradition alive by striving to engage younger generations, nurturing talented individuals who aspire to master the art of dengbej storytelling. Through workshops and performances, House of the Dengbej serves as a bridge between past and present, ensuring that this unique cultural expression continues to flourish.
In a groundbreaking initiative, House of the Dengbej established a collaboration with 40 memory carriers, forty dengbejan – individuals who are the custodians of the Kurdish oral tradition. This project aims to unite these vocal narrators, who have preserved the rich tapestry of Kurdish culture for millennia, and to ensure that their invaluable stories are passed on to younger generations. The endeavor seeks to document the living memories of these cultural custodians and to transcribe the legacies of those who have passed on.
Researcher and writer Hilmi Akyol has meticulously compiled this wealth of knowledge in his three-volume work titled Dengbej u Cirokbejen Amede. This collection honors 5,000 years of Kurdish literature, history, and culture, featuring the lives and tales of notable figures such as Sakiro, Kazo, Huseyne Fare, Seyitxane Boyaxci, and Mihemede Nenyasi. Their kilam (songs), stran (poems), and cirok (stories) are now preserved for future generations.
The dengbejan of our time: Feleknas (born 1947), Eliye Qerejdaxi (1963), Hesene Silbe (1958), Ibrahime Piriki (1958), Arife Hezroyi (1970), Cemale Nenyasi (1954), Erebe Suti (1943), Kereme Semo (1947), Fesihe Pasuri (1972), Mihemede Deriki (1953), Ramazane Tembeli (1963), Zaza Said (1962), Dervis Nurullah (1964), Mihemede Qerejdaxi (1973), Sadiqe Terki (1971), Mihemede Tepe (1955), Tahsine Pasuri (1946), Meytullahe Meclasari (1949), and Yemlixane Pasure (1978).
A cultural sanctuary
Every day except Monday, at least four dengbejan gather to passionately share the rich tapestry of their ancient heritage with visitors from both near and far. These skilled storytellers draw upon thousands of years of tradition, showcasing their unique talents and the wisdom imparted on them by their masters. Among these dedicated artists are Alicane Pasure and Hesene Silbe, who – despite facing health challenges – continue to embody the spirit of this cultural legacy. Their commitment not only preserves history, but also connects diverse audiences to the profound narratives that define their identity.
In this vibrant cultural house, enthusiasts of dengbej have the unique opportunity to request permission to share their songs during intermissions accompanied by tea service. Nestled in the historic city of Diyarbakir, the venue’s essential services such as electricity and water are provided by the municipality. Since the venue’s inception, dengbej performers have received a modest monthly salary from the municipality that recognizes their invaluable contribution to the city’s cultural tapestry. During winter months, the expansive hall transforms into a cozy divanhane, or banquet hall, while visitors are hosted in the enchanting courtyard during the dummer. Here, the gentle flow of water harmonizes with birdsong, and an ornamental pool surrounded by fragrant flowers creates a serene atmosphere. The cool stones, refreshed by well water, add to the charm of this cultural sanctuary.
Nestled on Melik Ahmet Street, just off the path to Urfa Kapi, lies the enchanting House of the Dengbej. To find it, simply take the second left before reaching the historic Behram Pasha Mosque, a masterpiece designed by Mimar Sinan. Locals will gladly guide you there. The courtyard, adorned with vibrant flowers and lush trees, features a serene stone pool that beckons visitors with its tranquil essence. Here, the echoes of centuries past resonate through a language long silenced, inviting listeners to reconnect with cherished traditions. This expansive space serves as a sanctuary for reflection and creativity.
May our aspirations remain vibrant as we cultivate more spaces that preserve time and amplify the sounds of our shared heritage.
Let our hope remain vibrant, expanding the realms that capture time and the melodies they hold.
May we reflect on our reality, igniting our imagination and inspiring new possibilities.
Ahmet Çakmak is a poet and writer, hails from Diyarbakır. His evocative writings and poems have been translated into numerous languages. Among his notable works are "Grieving in Two Languages," “Eskikent Disturbances," and “No One for Man" (poetry), as well as "Ben u Sen” and "Çütkafa’s Book” (novels).
